Chapter 11 — Political Philosophy
11.1 Historical Perspectives on Government
The Just City in Ancient Greece
Plato and The Republic
The Role of the Guardians
The Tradition of Exclusion
Mohism in China
The Book of Mozi
The Mohist Ruler in China
Al-Farabi's View of Rulership
The Supreme Ruler
Philosophical and Nonphilosophical Rulers
Cities of Excellence
Monarchy
Absolute Monarchies
Constitutional Monarchies
Aristocracies and Caste Systems
Greek Class Systems
Indian Caste Systems
Representative Government
Totalitarianism
Communism
Fascism
Hannah Arendt on Totalitarianism
11.3 Political Legitimacy and Duty
Divine Rule
Thomas Hobbes and Absolute Monarchy
John Locke and Representative Government
Max Weber and Descriptive Legitimacy
Traditional Legitimacy
Charismatic Legitimacy
Rational-Legal Legitimacy
Political Obligations
Communitarianism
Constraints on Universalism
Principles of Communitarianism
Mahatma Gandhi and Ahimsa
11.4 Political Ideologies
Distributive Justice
Conservatism
Edmund Burke and the French Revolution
Fundamental Principles
Liberalism
Fundamental Principle of Liberty
Positive and Negative Liberty
The Welfare State and Social Justice
Egalitarianism
Socialism
Critique of Capital
Alienation
Anarchism
Motivations for Anarchism
Limits of Anarchism
Anarchism and Feminism